It is a surgical procedure for men (couples) who desire a permanent method of contraception. In this procedure, the channels that carry sperm produced in the testicles to the seminal vesicles are tied off.

What is a vasectomy?

The male reproductive system

Sperm are produced in the testicles and are carried by two small channels, called the vas deferens, to the seminal vesicles where they are stored until ejaculation. There they are mixed with secretions produced by the seminal vesicles themselves and the prostate, forming semen, which is ejaculated during sexual intercourse.

Surgical technique

With local anesthesia, a small ½ cm incision is made in the scrotal region, just above the vas deferens. The vas deferens is then isolated, sectioned, and its ends are tied off. Adjacent tissues are interposed to make spontaneous recanalization difficult. The same procedure is performed on the other side (2 testicles, 2 vas deferens). The skin is closed with sutures that will be absorbed and do not need to be removed. The procedure takes about 30 minutes.

The postoperative period

The most frequent complaint is discomfort in the testicles that may last up to 72 hours, usually of little importance. Occasionally, small bruises may occur.

On the day of the procedure, rest should be maintained (see below). We generally perform the vasectomy on a Friday or Saturday, so that normal activities can be resumed at the beginning of the week. Sexual life can be resumed in 72 hours, but a contraceptive method MUST be maintained.

Does the operation have immediate effect?

No. Sperm are stored in the seminal vesicles after being produced, and a certain time is needed for these to be completely emptied. Therefore, it is important to maintain contraception until sterility is proven. A period of 2 months with a minimum of 20 ejaculations is suggested before the follow-up test. This is done through a semen analysis, when the ejaculate is examined for the presence of sperm. If azoospermia is present, that is, the absence of sperm in the ejaculate, the contraceptive method being used can be discontinued.

Does a vasectomy change sexual life?

No. Vasectomy is NOT castration, and sterility has nothing to do with erectile dysfunction. The important hormones for men continue to be produced in the testicles, maintaining libido as before the vasectomy. The prostate and seminal vesicles continue to produce the fluids that are ejaculated. The volume of ejaculate is reduced by at most 5%.

Do the testicles continue to produce sperm?

Yes. However, as they can no longer be eliminated, they are absorbed by the body.

Is a vasectomy "guaranteed"?

Semen becomes free of sperm in practically all men. Statistically, fewer than 2 in every 1,000 men who undergo a vasectomy continue to have sperm. In this case, a new procedure is necessary, an extremely rare occurrence.

Is a vasectomy reversible?

Yes, but a vasectomy should be considered a definitive procedure. Legally, men over 35 years of age with 2 children should be considered for vasectomy.

In cases of separation or change of mind, reversal is possible, but it is a much more complex surgery, performed with a surgical microscope and special sutures. Up to 10 years after the vasectomy, reversal is the most effective method in terms of cost-benefit. The presence of sperm in the ejaculate is achieved in approximately 85% of patients.

Some men choose to store sperm in a sperm bank in case they change their mind.

Pre- and post-vasectomy care

1. Do not take aspirin for 5 days before the procedure

2. In the 2 days before the procedure, wash the scrotum with antiseptic soap (for example, Protex)

3. Go to the hospital with a companion to take you (drive you) back home.

4. There is no need for fasting, unless the patient opts for a procedure with sedation.

5. After the surgery, go home and remain at rest until the next day. In the following 24 hours, avoid exertion.

6. Upon arriving home, prepare a plastic bag with ice protected by a towel and place it over the scrotum for 4 to 6 hours. This procedure helps reduce pain, swelling, and bruising.

7. Do not take very hot baths in the first 24 hours.

8. Sports are allowed after 1 week, and sexual life after 72 hours. Wear an athletic supporter for 5 days.

9. Return for a follow-up appointment in 1 week